Introduction Of Management And Management - 935 Words

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACCONTING OVERRATE PLC Management meeting Small, medium or large companies, have one thing in common, make profit, and to make profit we need to make sure that the income has covered all the costs. There are two types of costs, the direct ones, which are easy to identify as they are â€Å"directly† referred, linked to the product or service, which can be traced directly, straight and fully to the product, (e.g. material cost, labour cost, direct expenses, which are known as prime cost as well), generally, direct cost are considered, variable cost, as the cost increase when quantity/output increases, and indirect cost (overheads), which are not directly related with the production, but they are needed to proceed with the production, for example, in a coat manufacturing company, the leather is seen as direct cost, because is a prime material needed for the production, and traceable, while, for example, light and heating are not directly part of the final coat, but they were still necessary in order to finish the product, indirect cost are considered fix cost, as they do not change, if the production quantity increases or decreases. So the reason why, companies normally charge indirect costs in addition to the direct ones, is to determine the total cost per unit (known as absorption), for then decide a selling price, so the income can cover all the expenses, thus generate profit. Absorption costing: â€Å"means that all of the manufacturing cost areShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Management2960 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction to Management Management nowadays can be seen as one of the most important factors to determine the success of one’s organisation or any business activities. Donnelly et al, (1987) emphasized that there are two important reasons on why we should study about management. The first reason is modern society today depends on specialised institutions and organisations to provide goods and services that we desire daily. These organisations are guided and directed by decisions of one or moreRead MoreIntroduction to Management999 Words   |  4 PagesThe formation of organization implies that a leader should take the role to control the activities of the group; the work done by the leader is what we call management. Organization and the definition of Management Organization is formed by a group of people who work together. No matter the organization is a profit making ones or non-profit making ones, its formations are to achieve a common purpose or variety of goals, which are the desired future outcomes. The outcomes might be producing aRead MoreIntroduction to Management5240 Words   |  21 Pagesget product discount, bonuses, incentive programs, training, and employee stock ownership plans however salaried worker should be rewarded too through recognition award system or giving out vouchers to the non salaried workers. Management team The management team would be lead by all the executives and presidents in the company who has and extensive experience in managing and executing the Panera business. Mainly to manage all the important sectors like the Concept, Development, Joint VentureRead MoreIntroduction to Program Management1280 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Program Management by Name Course Professors Name University Date Table of Contents INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 NEED FOR PROGRAM MANAGEMENT TODAY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT vs. PORTLIO AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 5 ORGANIZATIONS THAT COULD BENEFIT FROM PROGRAM MANAGEMENT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 INDUSTRY SECTOR THAT PROGRAM MANAGEMENT WOULD BE MOST BENEFICIAL †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... 6 JUSTIFICATION FOR INTRODUCTION OF PROGRAM MANAGEMENT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 CONCLUSIONRead MoreIntroduction to Distribution Management1190 Words   |  5 PagesDistribution Management Introduction to What do we mean by Logistics? †¢ Logistics concerns itself with the movement of the physical flow which begins with the source of supply and ends at the point of consumption. †¢ Logistics is also concerned with: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Plant and warehouse location Inventory levels Production scheduling Materials management Storage Customer order processing Inwards and outwards freight and †¢ Distribution channels. History of warehouse †¢ In early writingsRead MoreIntroduction to Contract Management1025 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION TO CONTRACT MANAGEMENT A contract is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between or among them. The elements of a contract are offer and acceptance by competent persons having legal capacity who exchanges consideration to create mutuality of obligation. i.e. 1. Offer and Acceptance 2. Competent Persons 3. Consideration 4. Mutual Obligation 5. LawfulRead MoreAn Introduction to Management Styles3058 Words   |  13 PagesUnit 4001 - An Introduction to Management Styles 1. Be able to understand assumptions about human nature and managerial behaviour. 1.1 Identify models which make suppositions about human nature and behaviour at work Theory X and Theory Y represent two sets of assumptions about human nature and human behaviour that are relevant to the practice of management. They describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation. Theory X represents a negative view on of human nature that assumes individualsRead MoreIntroduction to Management Organisations2209 Words   |  9 Pages*BUS1001 Introduction to Management Organisations E*ssay for Semester 1, 2008/9 According to Pettinger (2002), management can variously be defined as a ‘science, profession and art’ and ‘its status lies somewhere between the three ‘with strong elements of each’. Is management a profession were you could qualify in like a doctor, is it science were there’s only â€Å"one best way to manage† (Bennet, Roger (1994)) or is it a skill/ personality in which a manager is has it in their genes from birthRead MoreIntroduction to Finanacial Management2678 Words   |  11 PagesChapter – 1 INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MEANING AND DEFINITION OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT According to the Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, Corporate finance deals with the financial problems of corporate enterprises. Problems include financial aspects of the promotion of new enterprises and their administration during early development, the accounting problems connected with the distinction between capital and income, the administrative questions created by growth and expansionRead MoreIntroduction to Financial Management2309 Words   |  10 PagesMGT201 (Financial Management) MGT201 Lecture No. 01 Introduction to Financial Management Learning objectives: The purpose of this lecture is to provide you with an overview of financial management. After finishing this lecture, you would be able to have a better understanding of the following. Definition of financial management Significance of financial management for non-finance students and professionals Important concepts and areas in financial management The position of financial managers

The Syrian Crisis Essay - 903 Words

The current state of the Syrian crisis may not be as volatile as before, but there is indeed a great deal of tension that remains. Civilian targeted warfare not only violates UN law, it violates human law. Real humans today are experiencing damage to their communities, both structural and population wise, while also living through a dilapidated and corrupt government. Because of the poor nature of these societies, rebuilding has gone very slowly, leaving people in the cold and alone. Many things can be pointed to this issue of human dignity. â€Å"People with their limbs blown off, children in terrible pain with no relief... Imagine a slaughterhouse. This is worse. Even a slaughterhouse is more humane.† (Shaheem, 2). The violence seen in†¦show more content†¦When international law is broken, the current reality of those in the situation rapidly deteriorates. When laws are being broken and nothing is happening, there is no possible way to estimate or predict the next catastrophe and it’s scale. â€Å"The latest string of attacks on health facilities north of Aleppo appears to be part of a pattern of attacks on medics and hospitals, a strategy that has destroyed scores of medical facilities and killed hundreds of doctors and nurses since the start of the conflict.† (Amnesty International, 3). Thus, targeting hospitals also gives the â€Å"advantage† of a populous not able to sustain it’s own injuries. When people get injured by the bombs and rubble, they will have nowhere to go, leaving those people for dead. This strategy led to the fly-over bombings that killed dozens and dozens of people, and injured many more. â€Å"Over the last several years direct, targeted attacks on health care institutions that are clearly civilian facilities have escalated greatly, says Dr. Michael Van Rooyen, an emergency physician and the director of Harvard Humanitarian Initiative.† (Beaubin, 3). This points to the rules of war falling apart. When there are no rules in place, there is no roof for how atrocious acts can become. Without immediate action, the next targets for such bombings may include schools, libraries, and other learning centers. Without essential infrastructure such as these, there will beShow MoreRelatedThe Syrian Refugee Crisis Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagesevent. In the case of the Syrian refugee crisis, my interest stems from my fascination with the glaring hypocrisy of American exceptionalism that bubbles to surface when the international crockpot of geopolitics turns sour with abhorrently violent dictators and the inevitable civil wars that remove them from power. The Syrian government, under the power of Bashar Hafez al-Assad, has resorted to violence against Syrian citizens who are critical of the government. The â€Å"crisis† we hear about developedRead MoreThe Syrian Refugee Crisis Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesCurrently, the largest cause of refugees is the Syrian civil war, which has displaced over 2.1 million people. As a country of relative wealth, the United States should be able to provide refuge for many refugees, as well as provide monetary support to the refugees that they are not able to receive. Countries surrounding Syrian, such as Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey and Iraq have taken in the vast majority of Syrian refugees. In some countries, such as Lebanon, Syrian refugees make up over a quarter of theRead MoreThe Syrian Refugee Crisis Essay2252 Words   |  10 PagesThe Syrian Refugee Crisis Conflict, this term has a broad definition that is defined as â€Å"latent tensions and disagreements on the one end and goes to armed and violent clashes (e.g. wars) on the other† (Eroglu Utku, Sirkeci, and Yazgan 2015). This is the root cause of many of the violent wars and crises that have occurred over thousands of years. In more recent times critical conflicts that have occurred throughout the world have had adverse effects globally. It was estimated, by the United NationsRead MoreThe Syrian Refugee And Migration Crisis1423 Words   |  6 Pagestheoretical perspectives or paradigms: realist, liberal-pluralist and critical† (Goldstein et al., 4) This essay will examine two of the three main theoretical perspectives explained in Goldstein et al.’s academic textbook; namely, realist and liberal-pluralist and subsequently match them with the viewpoints expressed in two news articles written on the Syrian refugee and migration crisis. This essay will analyze the article by Canadian Press for the Huffington Post and the article by Patrick KingsleyRead MoreIs The Syrian Refugee Crisis?1139 Words   |  5 Pagesissue I have chosen to write about is the Syrian refugee crisis. I believe this is a pertinent topic of discussion because it is an ongoing issue that is quintessential of conflicts witnessed previously, and unfortunately is likely to be representative of many conflicts to come. This is a morally loaded situation because evaluating what actions are warranted, and even required, is the subject of moral judgements by both nations and individuals. In this essay I shall first offer a descriptive expositionRead MoreThe Ri ght Of Refugees From The Syrian Civil War1590 Words   |  7 Pagescase I will examine how Syrian refugees have faced persecution as a result of generalized violence from the Syrian Civil War. This is the worst humanitarian crisis of our time and millions of Syrians are in need of the world’s help. But who should be responsible for taking on the burden of hosting them? I will argue that the European Union (EU), other European nations, and industrialized nations outside of Europe should work together to provide full-support for Syrian refugees by hosting themRead MoreThe Syrian Refugee Crisis869 Words   |  4 Pages I have evolved as a writer, student, and team member. This is clearly exemplified through the steps my team and I took to complete this essay. We began with plainly discussing all of my members’ ideas, eventually deciding our top three topic choices. Finally, we chose the Syrian refugee crisis as our paper’s topic. From there, we decided that the whole crisis was too broad and I already knew too much about it overall. Fortunately, focusing on Germany would solve both of those obstacles. It wouldRead MoreThe United States Should Accept More Syrian Refugees1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper, I will argue that the United States should accept more Syrian refugees by analyzing Miller and Kukathas’ arguments to reach the conclusion that Kukathas makes a more convincing argument because the freedom of movement argument and the humanity obligations of the United States outweigh the risks of a threatened cultural identity and economic state. The Syrian refugee crisis started in March of 2011 when anti-government groups began to protest against the government. These protests quicklyRead MoreRefugees Of The Un Refugee Agency1526 Words   |  7 Pagesasylum to 10,000 Syrians in the past fiscal year, but that is still not a large number compared to other countries. Such as Canada, which â€Å"with a population barely a tenth the size of the United States’, has resettled three times more Syrian refugees since last fall.† (The Washington Post, 2016). This issue of what to do with refugees is looked at in the three articles that will be discussed in this paper. The three sources that will be examined in this essay are the â€Å"Syrian Refugees† editorialRead MoreA Brief Note On The Syrian Refugee Crisis1573 Words   |  7 Pagesresponse: â€Å"Aleppo? And what is Aleppo?† I wanna talk about the Syrian refugee crisis going on around the world but lets begin with an old saying by Joseph Stalin. â€Å"When one man dies that’s a tragedy, when thousands die that’s a statistic.† Large numbers can feel cold and distant and even kind of comforting because they don t feel like people, and I think that’s the reason much of the world was able to ignore the years old Syrian refugee crisis until recently. But then after thousands of refugees died

Shakespeare should not be taught in schools free essay sample

A word that strikes eye-rolling boredom in the average adult and schoolchild. He is undoubtedly one of the greatest literacy geniuses that ever lived, but many teacher’s, parents, and students have the same question, should we be reading Shakespeare in school? Firstly, I will highlight how inappropriate Shakespeare’s plays are for young audiences. Take Romeo and Juliet for example, This play is a non-realistic tragedy, which at times seems like a comedy or true love story. Where a 13 year old girl and a young man fall in love, get married and then they both commit suicide within a matter of days. I’m sure many parents do not want their children learning about suicide in school, especially if they have ever had anyone affected by suicide. There are many other examples of suicide but also murder in Shakespeare’s plays, Ophelia and Lady Macbeth commit suicide. Othello murders his wife and Macbeth murders his best friends wife and kids, just because he sees Macduff as a threat to his power. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare should not be taught in schools or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Macbeth killed them just because he felt like it and I think this is highly unsuitable for schoolchildren. The use of sexual references throughout some of Shakespeare’s plays is also inappropriate; take the Porters speech in Hamlet and the opening scene of Romeo and Juliet for example. The servants of the Capulet family discuss how they would ‘thrust the maids’ of the Monatgue’s ‘to the wall’. I think this is quite out of place here as it has no affect on the storyline of the play. My second point focuses on Ireland and our literacy levels. Irelands global ranking in literacy has dropped from 5th to 17th. The English curriculum in Ireland should focus on improving literacy levels rather than bombarding students with unfamiliar and difficult language. Look at New Zealand, after removing Shakespeare from their curriculum, New Zealand’s global ranking has gone from 10th in 2011 to 5th in 2013. I’m not saying we should just get rid of every copy of Shakespeare in Ireland, I’m merely saying that we should try and follow New Zealand’s brave example which in turn could possibly improve the curriculum. My final point highlights how boring Shakespeare is for young students. If teachers force their students to study Shakespeare, they will more than likely get no enjoyment out of it. It doesn’t expand their mind because most students don’t understand Shakespeare’s outdated, unfamiliar language Students should study Shakespeare because they want to not because they have to. We don’t write or speak the way Shakespeare wrote so why are we studying him. Also a lot of students get confused because of Shakespeare’s use of double meaning. Words now do not have the same meaning as they did back then. A lot of people zone out when they hear Shakespeare, which almost makes it a chore for students to study. I believe it is because Shakespeare is so important that we wouldn’t study him in school.

Porter’s Five Forces in an International Market Essay Sample free essay sample

This paper discusses and describes Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model. It shows how this theoretical account can be good in developing a scheme for enlargement in new markets. including those runing internationally. And it besides shows that though the Porter Five Forces Model has some defects. it can be utile overall in developing new schemes in concern. We will write a custom essay sample on Porter’s Five Forces in an International Market Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When developing a strategic program in concern. one has to take into history all the many factors that will impact their chosen market. To assist ease this. Michael Porter developed a theoretical account depicting five forces that influence the market. This paper discusses and describes Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model. It shows how this theoretical account can be good in developing a scheme for enlargement in new markets. including those runing internationally. And it besides shows that though the Porter Five Forces Model has some defects. it can be utile overall in developing new schemes in concern. Porter describes these five forces as â€Å"threat of new possible entrants. menace of replacement product/services. dickering power of providers. dickering power of purchasers. † and â€Å"rivalry among current competitors† ( Management Study Guide. 2012. parity. 1 ) . The menace of possible new entrant refers to the menace that a new company may make up ones min d to come in the specified market. This company could be a new start-up. or may be a well-established company looking to diversify. In either scenario. the entry of a new house will diminish market portion and likely cause competition among other houses to recover this lost portion of the market. The hazard of new entrants to a certain market can change depending on barriers to entry such as authorities ordinance. high costs of entry. or trade name trueness. Menace of replacements is the menace of other closely related merchandises ( or services ) that can fulfill a customer’s demand. If there are many near replacements to a merchandise. so this efficaciously sets â€Å"a bound on the monetary value that houses can bear down for their merchandise in an industry† ( Management Study Guide. 2012. parity. 7 ) . If a house sets their monetary value excessively high. so they risk losing clients due to exchanging to another close trade name. Dickering power of providers refers to the power a provider has over a bring forthing house. The provider may be able to asseverate power such as higher monetary values over a bring forthing house. if it is one of few viing providers. But. if there are many providers or the market is really standardised. so the providers may hold s mall or no power over manufacturers. Dickering power of purchasers refers to the impact a purchaser can hold over a certain bring forthing house. In most consumer merchandise markets. purchasers are â€Å"fragmented† and â€Å"no purchaser has any peculiar influence on merchandise or prices† ( QuickMBA. 2010. parity. 25 ) . However in some markets. there may be merely a few or even merely one purchaser. so that the purchaser may hold important power over what a house can bear down for the merchandises or services offered. Rivalry is competition between houses within the same industry to command a larger market portion. This competition can be â€Å"cutthroat. intense. moderate. or weak. based on the firms’ aggressiveness in trying to derive an advantage† ( QuickMBA. 2010. parity. 6 ) . Firms will utilize tactics such as â€Å"raising or take downing prices† or â€Å"exploiting relationships with suppliers† in order to take a larger portion of the market ( parity. 7 ) . Porter’s five forces theoretical account should be considered whenever developing a scheme for come ining any new market. There are so many factors to see when come ining a new and different market. one can utilize this theoretical account to travel through and carefully see these forces when be aftering a scheme. This theoretical account can be utile as a guideline to do one consider all possible factors. including 1s that they may non hold considered beforehand. particularly for a really different international market. One factor that this theoretical account covers that would be extremely in of import to international enlargement is authorities ordinance as a barrier to entry. When traveling into an international market. where the Torahs and authorities ordinance can be significantly different than one’s place state. one should analyze the ordinances really closely to do certain that while run intoing all ordinances. the venture will still stay profitable. This is merely one of many factors covered by this theoretical account that would be good to analyze in sing an international enlargement. Although Porter’s theoretical account is good in many ways. it besides has its defects like any other concern theoretical account. The theoretical account ignores complementaries. which â€Å"refers to the trust that develops between the companies whose merchandises work is in combination with each other† ( Management Study Guide. 2012. parity. 9 ) . The theoretical account besides â€Å"overlooks the function of invention every bit good as the significance of single house differences. † which â€Å"presents a dead position of competition† ( parity. 9 ) . As stated. this paper discusses and describes Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model. It shows how this theoretical account can be good in developing a scheme for enlargement in new markets. including those runing internationally. And it besides shows that though the Porter Five Forces Model has some defects. it can be utile overall in developing new schemes in concern. Mentions Porter’s Five Forces. ( 2010 ) . QuickMBA: Accounting. Business Law. Economics. Entrepreneurship. Finance. Management. Selling. Operationss. Statisticss. Strategy. Retrieved February 6. 2013. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. quickmba. com/strategy/porter. shtml Porters Five Forces Model of Competition. ( 2012 ) . Management Study Guide – Free Training Guide for Students and Entrepreneurs. Retrieved February 6. 2013. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. managementstudyguide. com/porters-model-of-competetion. htm

The FTAA essays

The FTAA essays The FTAA is the Free Trade Area Americas. Its main goal is to extend the North American Free Trade Agreement to the entire Hemisphere. The FTAA brings together all the leaders of North, South and Central America (except for Cuba) to Quebec for several meetings and negotiations. The FTAA is supposed to adopted no later than 2005. The FTAA was started in December 1994 in Miami. This summit brought heads of state and government of 34 democracies together to construct a Free Trade Area Americas. By doing so this would eliminate trade barriers investments between countries. The FTAAs plan of action is supposed to strengthen our democracies, prompt prosperity through economic integration and free trade, eradicate poverty and discrimination in our hemisphere, and guarantee sustainable development and preserve our natural environment for the future. The second meeting of the Americas took place in Santiago Chile in April of 1998. The FTAAs economic scope is based on seven key components; Free trade in the Americas, capitol markets development and Liberalization, hemispheric infrastructure, energy corporation, telecommunication and information infrastructure, cooperation in science and technology, and tourism. Some implications that may go along with the summit could be rioting from protesters; conflicts could arise between governments, disagreements etc. Free Trade is supposed to strengthen our democracy, make our economy more efficient. Compared to the NAFTA agreement we have now the FTAA seems more open for growth and opportunity. I pose a question why not try something new?. Potentials benefits for the future are; stronger democracies, more economic stability, eliminate discrimination within the Americas, and it is supposed to be environmentally friendly in preserving our environment for the future. Criticisms of the FTAA vary in topics. Some topics are that free trade is an environmentally unfriendly pr...

The Age of Reason - Review and Summary

The Age of Reason - Review and Summary The Bottom Line If The Age of Reasons creates controversy today, imagine what readers must have thought at the time the work first appeared! Still, the work was a bestseller in America, and an important representative work from the time period. Pros Presented in a clear, straightforward style (accessible)Drawn from intellectual masters: Voltaire, Hume Spinoza (along w/other influences) Cons Mocks/ridicules religiosity (may be offensive to some readers) Description A deistic pamphletWritten by 18th-century British radical, Thomas PainePublished in 3 partsin 1794, 1795 1804 Guide Review - The Age of Reason Summary Thomas Paine is often associated with the American Revolution, because of his pamphlets; but The Age of Reason is still controversial (and has been banned) for its criticism of established religion and its challenge to the Bible. After reading The Age of Reason in 1757, Benjamin Franklin famously wrote: I would advise you... not to attempt unchaining the Tyger, but to burn this Piece before it is seen by any other Person, whereby you will save yourself a great deal of Mortification from the Enemies it may raise against you, and perhaps a good deal of Regret and Repentance. If Men are so wicked as we now see them with Religion what would they be if without it? Despite the controversy (and the many irate responses) that the pamphlet inspired, The Age of Reasons was a popular in Americathe work struck a chord. It appears to have inspired deep-rooted passionsit brought punishment and imprisonment to those associated with the early publishing history. Study Guide SummaryThe Age of Reason QuotesThe Age of Reason Questions for Study and DiscussionA Letter to a Friend Regarding The Age of Reason

Health Care Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Care Reform - Essay Example The subsidies are provided to families with an income level as explained above, because such families do not qualify for either Medicare or Medicaid. Furthermore, such families do not have coverage from their employers. Premium credits were also introduced to help with payment of coverage, which also touches immigrants who are in the country legally if their income is below 100 percent of the federal poverty level (Jackson & Nolen, 2010). Health Care Reform: U.S. Population Groups That Will Not Benefit The act states that immigrants who are in the country illegally do not qualify for either Medicaid or subsidies on insurance. Most of the illegal immigrants who do not qualify have not been in the country for more than five years as required by the law so that they receive either one of the new reform provision: Medicaid or subsidies on insurance. Population groups who do not register for Medicaid and are above 33 percent of the poverty line do not qualify because they have not joined other people who have registered for Medicaid. Others may decide not to pay for insurance because they think that it is expensive for them, and for that reason they would not qualify. In addition, the insurance cover might cost more than 8 percent of the household, which will be quite unaffordable (Turnbull, 2010). Involvement of DHHS Agencies in Health Care Reform The AHRQ’s functions are to prioritize patients’ safety so that the health conditions of the patient is improved, which is done with help of the DHHS. The current reforms passed in 2010 consider the patients’ safety in workplaces so that small injuries can be averted and better relationships can be achieved between physicians and patients. Additionally, liability premium reductions have been considered in the reforms. The above initiatives were started with the help of both the DHHS and ARHQ. The CMS is concerned with Medicaid, Medicare and children health care insurance. The new reforms aim to accomp lish three major goals: expanding insurance cover, providing better quality insurance, and managing cost. The CMS agency will help in controlling the cost of services provided in healthcare centers; for example, there are risks that occur in workplaces, such as injuries and hospital-acquired conditions that require medical cover. The CMS has been pushing for reduction of such incidents to cut down on costs as required by the new reforms. In addition, they have also been in talk with physicians and hospital workers to give a better quality and cheaper service to patients. This will bring down health care costs, and the physicians will benefit from Medicare savings (Groszkruger, 2011). Nursing Implications in Health Care Reform The healthcare reforms to take effect in 2014 will require more nurses because the field will expand and job openings in nursing will arise. For example, more medical healthcare homes and healthcare centers will be formed. The enactment of the law will need mor e schools and training of nurses. In addition, the individuals who are interested in the profession will require full-time education. This will prompt the government to invest more in training of more nurses to curb the shortage. The national government will aim to provide grants and loans to nurses and will have to increase the amount they use to sustain the training systems that nurses require. As mentioned above, nurses will require full

Lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Lab report - Essay Example In this case, a stationary body can obtain kinetic energy from a moving. On the contrary, potential energy is totally not transferable to other body, but it can be converted to kinetic energy. Potential energy is directly connected with forces. If the work done on a body by a force that moves from point A to B is independent of the path between the two points, then the work done by this force is assigns a scalar value on each point in space and referred to as a scalar potential field. This means that the integral equation drawn from the line representing the change of force between these two points can be defined as the negative of the vector gradient and it gives the potential field. This potential field is the equivalent of the change in potential energy between the two points. This explains why the spring’s potential energy is given as a negative value. The negative sign denotes the convection that work done by a force field increase the PE while work applied against the force field reduces the potential energy It is important to note that work is required to either reduce or increase the potential energy of a body. In this case, a change in potential energy principally reflects the work done on the object. Therefore, the integral derivative of a PE function will give the amount of work done. Again the value is given as a negative figure to denote that the work done has reduced the PE possession of the body. 1. A normal pendulum with a few modifications can be used to achieve similar objectives. In this case, a zero position for the pendulum is identified. Since many labs are done on tabletops, the table top is assigned to be the zero height (mean) position. If the tabletop is designated the zero position, then the PE of an object is dependent on its relative height from the tabletop. Therefore, by obtaining the mass of the pendulum and its relative height from the table top, the gravitational

Increase Crime Among Youth Essay Example for Free

Increase Crime Among Youth Essay 1. This is to confirm that we have allotted flat no. D4 / E 5 admeasuring 920 Sq. ft.(built up area) on the Survey No.49 A / 7 constructed by us to shri PARAG VIJAY MODI for a total consideration of Rs.12,00,000/-(Rupee Twelve Lac Only)Under an agreement for sale dated 20 /12/2012. 2. We confirm that we have obtained necessary permission / approvals sanction for construction of said building from all the concerned competent authorities and the same are in force. The construction of the building as well as of the flat is in accordance with the approved plans. We assure that the said flat as well as the said building and the legal appurtenances there to be not subject to any encumbrances, charge or liability or any kind whatsoever and that the entire property is free from encumbrances and marketable. We have a clear, legal and marketable title to the said property and part thereof. 3. Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODI has/ have paid the total cost of Rs. 5,90,000/-(Rupees Five Lac Ninety thousand Only). 4. Possession of the said Unit/Gala/Shop/ Premises / Flat will be given to Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODI . 5. We have hereby confirm that we have NO OBJECTION to your giving finance to Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODI his her mortgaging the said Flat to your Bank by way of security for repayment of such finance. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the said agreement. We hereby register the Banks charge in our books in respect of the said Flat. AND Shri PARAG VIJAY MODI will not be permitted to transfer, assign, sell off or in any other way/ manner deal with the said Flat prejudicial to the interest of the Bank, without the prior written consent of your bank. 6. We undertake to form a Co-operative Society of the Flat holders of the aforesaid building under the Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act.1960 within two years from the due hereof. We also agree to inform and given proper notice to the Co. operative Society as and when formed, about the said flat being so mortgaged to your Bank. 7. We are aware that relying on what is stared herein above, you have agreed to give the finance to Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODI P.S. Your are requested to issue your pay order in favour of sarasvat Bank c/a No CAPUB /11 M/s Gagangiri Construction. Instruction: If No.5 is not applicable then cancel the same and renumber the remaining paragraph.

Ghost Story of a Hell House :: Ghost Stories Urban Legends

Ghost Story of a Hell House The legend that I collected is a popular local myth about an old building and its resident out in the woods near the story's location. The person who told this story to me is my roommate; he is a white, middle-class, twenty-year-old who is studying government and psychology. I collected the story from him in our apartment one Tuesday night, sitting on our couch amidst a group of friends while listening to some loud music. The teller’s performance of the story is important to note. Due to the loud music and distracting atmosphere, the story was not told very smoothly. The teller made a lot of pauses and had to repeat himself several times. Furthermore, the teller did not know any solid facts, such as specific dates. Everything that he mentioned in terms of time were clearly estimates, as indicated by his facial expressions and verbal pauses. The teller prefaced the story by trying to get me to recognize the location of the Hell House. We had gone hiking around the state park where near the house, and he explained its location by saying â€Å"you know that hill and those woods near the train tracks at the bottom of the mountain†¦Well, Hell House is over near there. I’m sure you’ve seen it dude.† I admitted that I knew where it was so that he would go on with the story, even though I was certain I hadn’t seen any creepy looking houses when I was over in that area. He continued the story by explaining that the place was originally â€Å"Mount Saint Mary’s† college in Old Catonsville, Maryland during the 1800s. He then said â€Å"oh right, it was actually a women’s school.† He paused here for a minute and then carried on to tell me that most of it burned down in the 1930s and a whole lot of people died. After a moment he said â€Å"actually it may have been the 10s or the 20s, I’m not so sure.† The only thing that remained after this fire was an old burnt up house that the groundskeeper lived in and continues to live in. The teller then said that the groundskeeper was â€Å"seriously old and weird† and that he is not sure whether he is alive or dead, but he made sure to emphasize that â€Å"if he is still alive he is probably real [expletive deleted by author] old.

Chico Mendes

The life of Chico Mendes. Born: December 15, 1944 Xapuri, Brazil Died: December 22, 1988 (aged 44) Xapuri, Brazil â€Å"At first I thought I was fighting to save rubber trees, then I thought I was fighting to save the Amazon rainforest. Now I realise I am fighting for humanity. † Chico was many things, he was a steward to this earth, a unionist,an enviromental activist , a father, a husband and the list carrys on. This story starts with Chico being a rubber tapper. Following his father, he was â€Å"a seringueiro†, a rubber tapper.He farmed a small clearing, but relied on the sale of rubber from several hundred native rubber trees in the rain forest itself to provide income for him and his family. Chico inherited the land and the trees from his father who had begun tapping them in the 1930s. Two long v-shaped cuts made with care in the bark of each rubber tree would produce one or two cups of the rubber. Chico also collect other natural forest products, such as fruits a nd Brazil nuts, allthough this didn't make much of a difference to his income.There was approximately 100,000 other rubber tappers living throughout the rain forest, and this is what they do as well. It is sustainable harvest which does not destroy the forest. When Chico was a young boy, him and his father would go rubber tapping together because it was one of the very few job available. At that day and age, the rubber tappers were conned out of their money by the people who bought the rubber. Becaue of the little education they all recieved, they couldn't do basic things, like reading or writing.The man that bought the rubber would lie about how much rubber he was given and the price the rubber was worth. This was changed when Chico met a man called Wilson, Wilson came to the rainforest because he was told you could get rich from rubber tapping and told Chico that if he taught him how to tap rubber than in return, Wilson would educate Chico about things like, reading, writing and m aths. A union was later formed by Wilson. Because of this union it helped the people get a better a education aswell as protecting their rights.On the first speach Wilson gave, he told everyone about how if everyone sticks together, than they are stronger than if they are apart. Wilson demonstrated this by using sticks, he snapped the one that was seperated, easily but not the bundle of many sticks. Land speculators and large cattle ranching buisnesses are more interested in the short-term profit than the lively hood of all the rubber tappers so they wanted to cut and burn the rubber trees down so they could build a road and ranches, this of course was so the rich, could become richer. The didn't care for the poor.When the union found out about the plans they fought back and organised protests and speaches, the leaders of the operations didn't appreciate this and sent Wilson (who was the leader of the union at that time) a goats head, this was a death promise. Wilson and his union d idn't back down though, this was the cause of Wilson's death, he was shot in the head. The leaders of the companies thought this would scare the union, it did. The leaders of the companies thought that this would scare the union so much that Chico would back down, but instead he did the opposite, Chico lead the union from then on.Chico Mendes and the Union fought to end this destruction of the tropical rain forest. The made many political inroads, gaining influence with the public. His main enemy was Darli Alves da Silva, a cattle rancher who had begun acquiring forest land in Acre. Darli vowed that Mendes would not live out 1988. In one protest, a man thought Chico was going to be killed by a man with a chain saw, so the man stupidly stepped infront of the chainsaw and later the man had to have his arm amputated. This made the class laugh.In many of the protest Chico told the memebers of the union to sit down and not fight back, because if they fought back, their enemies would say it was â€Å"self defence† when they harmed the inoccent union memebers. The man that was buying the forest for ranches, ambushed the union and shot a boy dead, putting 9 bullets in his body. Chico later ran for governour, his wife did not approve and she begged Chico not to draw attention to himself. Chico didn't get enough votes to become govenour and his opponent was giving away free chainsaws which made Chico lose some votes from his once loyal friends.When Chico was already a father to one child, his daughter. His wife once again became pregnant to two boys, sadly only one of his sons survived, the other passed away. When Chico went to Miami, he become more well known, which showed people about how the companies wanted to exploit the rainforest. Because Chico was becoming a threat to the companies plans, people came to negotiate what was going to happen,†For a negotiation, there needs to be a give, and a take. † Explained one of the men. â€Å"Fine, give us back or land, and take away the chainsaws. † Replied Chico as he laughed at his own joke.The men, after alot of negotiating decided that the land would be reserved for the rubber tappers and each generation off them. When the negotation was over, Darli and his family were chased of the land. Darli, obviously he was angry about this and supposedly sent Chico a death threat, once again, it came in the form of a goat's head. Chico, his wife, and two policemen assigned to guard him were playing cards at his home on December 22, 1988. Chico stepped outside for a moment and was killed by a shotgun blast to the chest from a waiting assassin.The local police claimed no clues or suspects in the case, but local and international protests forced the Brazilian government to enter the investigation. Evidence led them to the ranch of Darli da Silva. In the summer of 1989 indictments for murder were handed down to Darli da Silva, his son Darci Pereia da Silva, and Jerdeir Pereia, one of da S ilva's ranch hands. Testimony indicated that Darli ordered the murder and that Darci supervised as Jerdeir carried out the plot. There is evidence that other prominent ranchers may have been involved in the plot, and they are currently under investigation.

“If You Educate a Boy, You Educate an Individual but If You Educate a Girl, You Educate a Nation”. Do You Agree?

The quote, â€Å"If you educate a boy, you educate an individual but if you educate a girl, you educate a nation† originated from an African proverb. It might have originated  because of the societal roles of men and women, society’s expectations, and the contribution each gender has made to the community. Both men and women have educated the nation in many different ways, either by contributing to the society, or to their families. Hence, I disagree with  this quote, as  not all men have never educated a nation.In society, men and women are expected to contribute to the society in different ways. The way they contribute to the society, and if it is seen as a contribution is affected by the societal roles and expectations of both genders. In a typical developed country, the societal role and expectations  of men is to be the breadwinner of the family, while women are expected to take care of the family, stay at home, and do domestic chores. However, the societal expectations of women are starting to change.More women are educated, and more are working, but women who work are expected to be able to balance work, and family. Men are usually seen as successful if they have a stable income and are able to support their families financially. It usually falls into the mother's responsibility to educate the children, which leads to ‘if you educate a girl, you educate the whole nation', as educating the children eventually leads to the children growing up and teaching their children, which includes the things that their parents taught them.On the other hand, no matter how busy the father is, there are still some occasions in which the father has disciplined the children, and taught the children, which, again, by teaching the children, leads to a contribution to society. Hence, the quote does not really apply here, as men and women both have contributions to the society; fathers and mothers both educate their children. The National Center for Educational Statistics reported that when fathers are involved in their children's education, the kids were more likely to get As, enjoy school, and participate in extracurricular activities.Also, researchers have found out that children whose fathers are involved in rearing them fare better on cognitive tests and in language ability than those with less responsive or involved fathers. Improved cognitive abilities are usually associated with higher educational achievement. In fact, fathers who are involved in their children's schools and academic achievement, regardless of their own educational level, are increasing the chances their child will graduate from high school, and perhaps go to vocational school, or even to college.On the other hand, researchers have discovered that mothers are more likely to encourage assimilative and communion-enhancing patterns in their children, and  to acknowledge their children's contributions in conversation. Furthermore, the way mothers speak t o their children is better suited to support very young children in their efforts to understand speech (in context of the reference English). Hence, if you educate a boy or girl, you educate the whole nation, as both men and women have different ways of contributing to the society, and educating the nation.The societal roles, societal expectations, and the examples of men and women who have contributed to society that I have mentioned above mainly apply to the people who live in a developed country. For example, countries like the United Kingdom, United States of America, and Singapore. However, it does not necessarily mean that the quote is true for less-developed or developing countries, for example, Africa. The societal role of men and women in Africa is almost the same as the more developed countries – the exception: only a few women in Africa are allowed to go to school.However, even though only a few women in Africa are allowed to go to school, it doesn’t necessa rily mean that they are not educated. They could have been educated by their parents, and educated the society by teaching their children. For example, African mothers often pass down folktales to their children – these folktales serve to teach their children good moral values, and help them to better understand the world around them, or skills like cooking – more often to females. In Africa, fathers are the breadwinner of the family, like in the more developed countries.In Africa, fathers educate the society by educating their children. They teach their children physical skills, like farming, and often tell their children stories about their experiences. Hence, educated men and women both contribute to their society, and educate their nation, irregardless of where they live. There are many men and women who have contributed to the society. Abraham Lincoln successfully led America through its greatest constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civi l war – by preserving the Union by force while ending slavery and promoting economic modernization.He helped to bring America’s economy to new heights. During Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth I's reign in England, there were great achievements in writing and peace in England. Teddy Roosevelt worked to provide workers, consumers, business owners, farmers, and other groups an equal opportunity to succeed, and he enforced workplace inspections, and regulated product labels, among other things. Marie Curie, a famous scientist, won two Nobel prizes, is famous for her work with her husband on radioactivity, and discovered radium and polonium.Her discoveries helped the world learn more about the elements in our universe. Fredrick Douglass escaped from slavery, became the leader of the abolitionist movement, gained note for his dazzling oratory and incisive antislavery writing, and stood as a living counter-example to slaveholders' arguments that slaves did not have the intellectua l capacity to function as independent American citizens. He helped to show that slaves deserved equal rights too.Maria Montessori, the first woman to graduate from the University of Rome's Medical College, is famous for her work in the education of young children. There are so many men and women in the world who have contributed to the society, be it in educating the people, helping to improve people's lives, or to share new discoveries that could be used in improving the life of people in the world. Unlike the quote, it isn't just women who have contributed to the society, but men have also contributed to the society.Men and women have both contributed to the society, be it in the same or in different ways. It is because of their contributions to society, that they have educated the nation, either by new discoveries, helping people, or by passing their knowledge on. In conclusion, the quote â€Å"If you educate a boy, you educate an individual but if you educate a girl, you educat e a nation† doesn’t really apply in today’s context. Women might educate their family more than males do, however males still do educate their families.Furthermore, men and women both contribute to the society through work, helping their society grow economically, and socially, by discovering new information, and using it to help to contribute to the society’s growth and well-being. There are also many examples of men and women who have played a part in educating the society. With these contributions to society by both educated men and women, both genders have played a part in educating their nation, or nations.

Employment Rights and Responsibilities Essays

Employment Rights and Responsibilities Essays Employment Rights and Responsibilities Essay Employment Rights and Responsibilities Essay 1. 1 Below is a list of the facets of employment covered by jurisprudence: Minimal pay Hours worked Discrimination Health and safety Vacation entitlements Redundancy and dismissal Training Disciplinary processs Union rights and audience Pregnancy leave 1. 2 Below is a list of the chief characteristics of current employment statute law Employment Act 1996 Equalities and Discrimination Torahs Employment Act 2008 Health and safety statute law at work Act 1974 1. 3 Why do statute law associating to employment exists? The ground employment jurisprudence exist is to halt the development of workers by their employers. and to guarantee that the employees rights are being followed. If these jurisprudence didn’t exists them employer would be took advantage of and may non be treated right and reasonably. The Torahs cover all facets that could originate. weither this involves age. gender. disablement. The Torahs protect employees from unjust foremans. if there wasn’t Torahs so there would be no regulations. and companies could make whatever they want. These statute law are besides in topographic point to back up employers. 1. 4 Below are beginnings and types of information and advice available in relation to employment duties and rights: There are many topographic points you can acquire information from these could include: Web sites Books Colleagues Manager Information cusps Citizens Advice Bureau unions 2. 1 Describe the footings and conditions of ain contract of employment My contract of employment screens Job Location. as respects to where I am based in my employment. A occupation description. which describes the responsibilities and duties of my function as a attention helper. Probationary period. this confirms length of provisional period which is 3 month so a full contract will be offered. it will include what is expected of me within that period and besides what happens at the terminal of the provisional period. A description of how much I will be paid. any possible wage raises dependent on deriving certain makings. Payroll procedures. this describes how I will be paid. how frequently and when I will be paid. pay slip information. about the company’s rights to do tax write-offs if over paid or if you left and owed holiday/money for preparation or CRB. It will besides include information about Hours. this is information on hours I am expected to make and interrupt entitlements. It will depict my vacation entitlement. how to book it and when the leave twelvemonth commences and terminals. It will besides include information on length of notice needed to end employment by myself or company. It includes information on preparation provinces that I am required to go to compulsory preparation and about the possibilities of farther preparation. Sickness agreements. inside informations the process to follow if I am sick and statutory ill wage entitlements. Confidentiality is included explain the demand for confidentiality due to sensitive nature of the concern whilst working and after go forthing. Data protection. informs of the demand for the company to keep personal information on you. 2. 2 Describe the information shown on our ain wage statement There is a batch of information shown on your wage statement. the sum of pay before any tax write-off ( gross pay ) and besides your pay after tax write-offs. the sum of revenue enhancement and national insurance you have paid. your wage statement will besides include your national insurance figure. your revenue enhancement codification. your wage rate and besides any extra information sing your wage for illustration ill wage. holiday wage and over clip. 2. 3 The process to follow in event of a grudge When you have a grudge. you should compose to your employer giving them inside informations of your grudge. Include in your missive how you would wish your employer to decide the job. Date the missive and maintain a transcript for yourself. Your employer should set up an initial meeting to discourse your grudge. The chief intent of the meeting should be to set up the facts and happen a manner to decide the job. You have a legal right to take a representative to the meeting with you. To exert this right. you must do a petition to your employer that person comes with you. Your representative could be. a co-worker. brotherhood functionary. or canvasser. After the meeting your employer should. without unreasonable hold. compose to you with their determination. They should put out. where appropriate. what action they intend to take to decide the grudge. 2. 4 Identify the personal information that must be kept up to day of the month with ain employer There are several things that must be kept up to day of the month with your employer these include: Name Address next of family contact figure Education and makings 1. List the types of information that are held on your personal record and state why you think they are needed Data an employer can maintain about an employee includes: Name Address Date of birth Sexual activity Education and makings Work experience National Insurance figure Tax codification Detailss of any known disablement Emergency contact inside informations They will besides maintain inside informations about an employee such as: Employment history with the administration Employment footings and conditions Any accidents connected with work Any preparation taken Any disciplinary action 2. Who should you inform if you are altering your personal inside informations? You should ever maintain your employer informed of any alterations in your personal inside informations so that their records are up to day of the month and correct. if you have a alteration in personal inside informations you should inform your director every bit shortly as possible so that they information they have for you is right. this is really of import in instance of an exigency. 3. How should your records be stored and who has a right to see them? Your personal records should be stored safely and firmly they should be locked off so that no 1 can read them. if they are stored on a computing machine the computing machine should be watchword protected. Merely your employer and yourself have a right to see your personal records unless you give permission for other people to see them. 2. 5 Explain agreed ways of working with employer The in agreement ways of working are the codifications and policies provided by the employer for the attention worker to follow these will include statute law. codifications of behaviors and employer’s policies and processs that all attention workers should follow when working in a attention place scene. It is the duty of the attention workers to work within the policy guidelines provided and besides to guaranting that they are working at the criterion expected of them. it is a legal demand to follow policies and processs.

Black Women Who Have Run for U.S. President

Black Women Who Have Run for U.S. President Black women are among the Democratic Party’s most loyal supporters. As such, they have buoyed everyone from white men to a black man and, now, a white woman to the top of the ticket. Unlike Hillary Clinton, a black woman has yet to win the Democratic Party’s nomination for president. But that doesn’t mean several haven’t tried. Multiple black  women have run for president- be it as Democrats, Republicans, Communists, on the Green Party ticket or that of another party. Get to know the African American women who tried to make history before Clinton did with this roundup of black female presidential candidates. Charlene Mitchell Many Americans have the mistaken belief that Shirley Chisholm was the first black woman to run for president, but that distinction actually goes to Charlene Alexander Mitchell. Mitchell ran neither as a Democrat nor a Republican but as a Communist. Mitchell was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1930, but her family later moved to Chicago. They lived in the famous Cabrini Green projects, and Mitchell took an early interest in politics, acting as a youth organizer to protest racial segregation in the Windy City. She joined the Communist Party USA in 1946, when she was just 16. Twenty-two years later, Mitchell launched her unsuccessful presidential bid with running mate, Michael Zagarell, the National Youth Director of the Communist Party. Given that the pair were only put on the ballot in two states, winning the election wasn’t just a longshot but simply impossible. That year wouldn’t be Mitchells  last in politics. She ran as an Independent Progressive for U.S. Senator from New York  in 1988 but lost to Daniel Moynihan. Shirley Chisholm Shirley Chisholm is arguably the most famous black woman to run for president. That’s because, unlike most of the black women on this list, she actually ran as a Democrat rather than on a third party  ticket. Chisholm was born on Nov. 30, 1924, in Brooklyn, New York. However, she grew up partly in Barbados with her grandmother. The same year that Mitchell launched her failed presidential bid, 1968, Chisholm made history by becoming the first black congresswoman. The following year she co-founded the Congressional Black Caucus. In 1972, she unsuccessfully ran for U.S. president as a Democrat on a platform in which she prioritized education and employment issues. Her campaign slogan was unbought and unbossed. Although she didn’t win the nomination, Chisholm served seven terms in Congress. She died New Year’s Day 2005. She was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. Barbara Jordan Okay, so Barbara Jordan never actually ran for president, but many wanted to see her on the 1976 ballot and voted for the groundbreaking politician. Jordan was born Feb. 21, 1936, in Texas, to a Baptist minister father and a domestic worker mother. In 1959, she earned a law degree from Boston University, one of two black women that year to do so. The following year she campaigned for John F. Kennedy to be president. By this time, she set her own sights on a career in politics. In 1966, she won a seat in the Texas House after losing two campaigns for the House earlier. Jordan wasn’t the first in her family to become a politician. Her great-grandfather, Edward Patton, also served in the Texas legislature. As a Democrat, Jordan ran a successful bid for Congress in 1972. She represented Houston’s 18th District. Jordan would play key roles in both the impeachment hearings for President Richard Nixon and in the 1976 Democratic National  Convention. The opening speech she gave at the former focused on the Constitution and is said to have played a key role in Nixon’s decision to resign. Her speech during the latter marked the first time a black woman gave the keynote address at the DNC. Although Jordan did not run for president, she earned a single delegate vote for president of the convention.    In 1994, Bill Clinton awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom. On Jan. 17, 1996, Jordan, who suffered from leukemia, diabetes and multiple sclerosis, died of pneumonia. Lenora Branch Fulani Lenora Branch Fulani was born April 25, 1950, in Pennsylvania. A psychologist, Fulani became involved in politics after studying the work of Fred Newman and Lois Holzman, founders of the New York Institute for Social Therapy and Research. When Newman launched the New Alliance Party, Fulani became involved, running unsuccessfully for Lt. Governor of New York in 1982 on the NAP ticket. Six years later, she ran for U.S. president on the ticket. She became the first black independent and first female presidential candidate to appear on the ballot in each U.S. state but still lost the race.   Undeterred, she ran unsuccessfully for New York governor in 1990. Two years after that, she launched a failed presidential bid as a New Alliance candidate. She has since continued to be politically active.    Carol Moseley Braun Carol Moseley Braun made history even before she ran for president. Born Aug. 16, 1947, in Chicago, to a police officer father and medical technician mother, Braun decided to pursue a career in law. She earned her law degree from the University of Chicago Law School in 1972. Six years later, she became a member of the Illinois House of Representatives. Braun won an historic election in Nov. 3, 1992, when she became the first black woman in the United States Senate after defeating GOP rival Richard Williamson. This made her only the second African American elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate. Edward Brooke was the first. Braun, however, lost her reelection race in 1998. Braun’s political career didn’t come to  a halt after her defeat. In  1999, she became the U.S. ambassador to New Zealand  in which she served until the end of President Bill Clinton’s term. In 2003, she announced her bid to run for  president on the Democratic ticket but dropped  out of the race in January 2004. She endorsed Howard Dean, who also lost his bid. Cynthia McKinney Cynthia McKinney was born March 17, 1955, in Atlanta. As a Democrat, she served a half-dozen terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. She made history in 1992 by becoming the first black woman to represent Georgia in the House. She continued to serve until 2002, when Denise Majette defeated her. However, in 2004, McKinney won a seat in the House once more when Majette ran for Senate. In 2006, she lost reelection. The year would also prove to be a difficult one, as McKinney faced controversy after reportedly slapping a Capitol Hill police officer who  asked her to present identification. McKinney ultimately left the Democratic Party and ran unsuccessfully for president on the Green Party ticket in 2008.    Wrapping Up Several other black women have run for president. They include Monica Moorehead, on the Workers World Party ticket; Peta Lindsay, on the Party for Socialism and Liberation ticket; Angel Joy Charvis; on the Republican ticket; Margaret Wright, on the People’s Party ticket; and Isabell Masters, on the Looking Back Party ticket.

Human Life Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Human Life Cycle - Essay Example To be specific, women do not usually develop facial hairs like their male counterparts on their faces as a sign of puberty at common instances (Bolin & Whelehan, 1999). During pre-puberty stages, the development of female body takes place with the initial development of the breasts. It is a common phenomenon among female approaching their adolescence. In the stage of the pre-pubertal development, nipple enlargement occurs with the enlargement of the breasts and enlargement of the projected areola. With the maturity of the female, the breasts develop and the nipple appears to be the second mount. The development of breasts does not take place among males at such an apparent rate though. However, their chests expand as a sign of development at the time of their puberty (Bolin & Whelehan, 1999). In both females and males, the development of pubic hair is quite common. However, for females, the pubic hair grows sparsely along both sides of the labia, wherein with pigmentation, the hairs become coarse and curls as well as spreads to the medial of the thighs. For males, the pubic hair grows below the penis around the testes. The pubic hairs grow in the genital areas for both the sexes as a representation of the secondary sex characteristics (Bolin & Whelehan, 1999). The rate of women fertility is reduced during the late 20s and has a substantiate rate of decrease during the late 30s. Probabilities of pregnancy are high among women who are between the ages of 19-26 years than the women who are in their 30s. The female reproductive system is observed to age faster than any other organs. Even though the average age of menopause is 51 years for women, the reproductive system starts ageing at the age of 20s itself. Observably, there is a gradual as well as the drastic loss of fertility after the age of 35 years in females. Conversely, women maintain a regular ovulatory menstrual cycle even after 40s although the rate of fertility declines at an earlier age

Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategy - Essay Example Organized Financial 7,647,000,000 revenues in 1992, 19% market share, cheap loans yes yes yes yes Physical 15 manufacturing facilities, efficient transport mechanisms yes yes yes yes Technological Improved fuselage, forward facing crew cockpits, Laser guided automatic riveter yes yes yes yes Organizational Groupement d’Interet Economique; all partners are responsible for their own profits no no no Yes/no Financial: Estimated revenues at over 7.6 billion Physical: 15 Ultra-modern facilities, at four strategic locations with automatic laser guided riveters Technological: laser-guided, automatic riveters. This reduced that stage from three months to three days. Organizational: Efficient organisational structure with each partner responsible for own profits Intangible Resources Valuable Rare Difficult to Imitate? Organized Human Experienced/innovative research team, sound management yes yes yes yes Innovation and Creativity leaders in (LGAR) technology yes yes yes yes Reputation R eputable but government assisted no no no yes Human: Experienced/innovative workers, efficient managerial team Innovation and Creativity: Airbus is considered a leader in innovation Reputation: With the ruling to regulate government subsidies/loans to airlines, this could hurt Airbus’s profitability SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Boeing: -60% market share -Steady business defence -Strong balance sheet -Admirable supplier relationship -Manufacturing capability Boeing: -Losing market share -Long order to delivery date -Cost of developing new VLCT Airbus: -Strong support from Governments -Profitable -Innovation ideas implemented, laser-guided riveting machine -Growing market share, estimated 23% in 1993 Airbus: -White tail, manufacturing planes without order -Manufacturing capabilities Opportunities Threats Boeing: -VLT necessary in near future -Aging fleets will need to be replaced with newer models (15-20 years) -Large market capitalisation - Largest manufacturing faciliti es Boeing: -Future airport capacity issues -Long delivery time -Investing alone in VLCT could cause Boeing to go under if failed -Declining market share Airbus: -Boeing running beyond capacity will cause airlines to pursue other options for quicker delivery dates -Good option for customers due to quick delivery time - Aging fleets will need to be replaced with newer models Airbus: -Decline in order for 1993 -Investing alone in VLCT could cause Airbus to go under if failed -white tails may be a catastrophic loss if buyers get better options Part 2 Definitely, Boeing has a competitive advantage over its next nearest rival Airbus. Boeing has an estimated 60% market share as of 1992 compared to

The Rule of Proximity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Rule of Proximity - Essay Example Some of these features or news values (Kim, 2001) may be intrinsic to the event or they may be extrinsic. Intrinsic values may be prominence or importance, degree of human interest evoked, degree of conflict or controversy involved and degree of the unusual implicated (Kim, 2001). Extrinsic values may be timeliness and proximity of the event to the location at which the media will be operational (Kim, 2001). It is notable, though, that the intrinsic values can also be correlated to the media location since it is observable that values like prominence or importance, capability to evoke human interest, degree of conflict or controversy and degree of the unusual all depend to some extent upon how the population at the media location usually relate to the population at the event location. This is so because researchers have also observed that events at a particular location, when it is judged for newsworthiness at a location in another country, are usually influenced much by the social, political, economic and geographic perspectives the media country holds of the event country (Kim, 2001). Thus, the newsworthiness of an event in any country, when judged in relation to media in the United States, will depend much upon the political relevance the U.S.A. places upon the event country (Kim, 2001). It will also depend much upon the degree of threat or benefit that event has for the U.S.A. and the World at large (Kim, 2001). These latter observations have great relevance to this paper since it is already manifested from these that the rule of proximity as well as other news values has much in common with values that influence diplomatic relationships between and among countries. Globalisation: There is one factor in the present world scene that does to a great extent override relationships among geographically and culturally proximal nations. While the paper finds that geographical and cultural proximity has been considered as an indicator of levels of diplomatic activities it also realises that it must also consider aspects of globalisation, the modern worldwide phenomenon that is expected to provide collective effort towards globally invasive problems like disarmament, arms regulations, combating international terrorism, cross-border crime and the drug trade and usage, protection of human rights, prevention of climate change and desertification, promotion of sustainable development, conflict prevention and development assistance and cooperation, peacemaking and keeping and foreign trade (Sucharipa, Undated). In this context it is very likely that national proximity is not the only overriding factor for strengthening diplomatic ties among nations. Nor is it likely that co nflict among nations in geographic proximity will remain contained within that region without effort from the global community towards it speedy amelioration. Thus, in this sense, it is observed that geographic and cultural proximity is not considered as important an indicator of political will as it was a few years earlier. Instead, it is again observed that national foreign policy is not contained to outside the country by the gatekeeper functional and kept apart from its domestic one. This is because other departments of the nation, such as the environmental one, may need direct contact with international agencies without having to seek permission of the foreign policy makers (Sucharipa, Undat

Performance appraisal for human resources

Performance appraisal for human resources Introduction: Usually as everybody thinks that working in human resources has one hard moment. It is hard to recognize when the job is successfully completed. However, human Resources activities and initiatives are usually a long term activities and it is hard to see any result immediately. As we can give a description, for Performance appraisal which may engage too many things such like identification, besides measurement, along with management of individual performance in business enterprises. Business enterprises frequently carry out appraisals designed for managerial, which is a assessment concerning a staff work circumstances, together with promotions along with rewards, also or even developmental, which is a assessment concerning spiraling the staff profession talents, together with counseling along with teaching principles. On the other hand, we can add here that dissatisfaction in the midst of appraisals is widespread. Moreover, on the same subject as it has been disclosed frequently that Human Resource proficients, as well line managers, in addition to staff voice frustration. Furthermore, we can find also that a lot of workforces comprise trouble through appraisal that might explanation for the little life extent of the standard appraisal scheme. Etihad Airways Performance appraisal system: Etihad Airways is the National Airline of the United Arab Emirates. The airline was set up and started commercial operations in 2003, in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the UAE. Etihad started with an initial paid-up capital of AED500 million, with the twin objectives of creating an airline that would put up with the UAE flag and expand true Arabian hospitality to their guests. Their name reflects this spirit: Etihad is Arabic for united, and for this reason a representation of the bonding along with the seven emirates that constitute the UAE. So far, Etihad grew at an extraordinary rapidity, accumulation more or less one new route a month. In June 2007, Etihad achieved another milestone: 42 destinations. By 2010, Etihad plan to touch 70 international destinations. The performance appraisal system in the Etihad Airways has a vertical chain of dialogue and reviews must be strengthened, for which the performance appraisal system will play an essential role in the case of Etihad Airways. The prime responsibility for action to preparation failures in performance will lie with supervisors and managers at all levels in the Etihad Airways. Additionally, the Etihad Airways is taking into consideration establishing transparent liability mechanisms and will define the policy framework for exercising responsibilities of both management and staff. Etihad Airways has created and implemented a system that provides tools for employees, supervisors, human resources professionals, and senior leaders to plan, monitor, and evaluate career development opportunities for all employees at and above the director level. In place for many years, such system includes metrics and quarterly reviews of employee ratings, promotions, attrition/hires, developmental opportunities, officer appointments, and assignments to help achieve a diverse workforce. Staff at Etihad Airways motivates supervisors to develop career paths for their employees, including those who may have been who may have been overlooked or underestimated. On staff development, performance management and career support, at Etihad Airways states that the Performance Appraisal System (PAS) has been revised, and a process has been initiated to identify center organizational competencies. Moreover, more systematic approach to mission assignments is being implemented. Analysis Adopting Appraisal: Performance appraisal is a critical activity of Human Resource management. Its goal is to provide an accurate picture of past and or even future employee performance. To achieve this, performance standards are established. The standards are based on the job; related criteria that best determine successful job performance, where possible, actual performance is measured directly and objectively. The primary footstep in the performance appraisal procedure is recognizing the subject that is to be considered. Therefore, it is clear that supervisors should recognize the phases or even aspects of performance, which might find out efficient employment performance. At this point, we can find that such progression looks straightforward, other than it may be rather complex. On the other hand, whether a considerable measurement is lost, staff self-esteem might put up with for the reason of staff that performs fine on such measurement might not be accepted or even satisfied. As we can conclude this subject, whether an unrelated or even minor measurement is incorporated, staff might recognize the complete appraisal progression the same as worthless. The performance appraisal system in Etihad Airways of research has a vertical chain of conversation along with reviews might be strengthened, keen for the same the performance appraisal process will play a vital role in the case of Etihad Airways of research. The prime responsibility for action to preparation failures in practice will depend with supervisors as well as managers at every level in the company of study. Additionally, the Etihad Airways of research is taking into consideration establishing clear accountability mechanisms and will fix the policy framework for exercising responsibilities of both management and staff. Etihad Airways of research has created and implemented a way that gives tools for staffs, besides supervisors, as well human resources professionals, along with a high level leaders to develop, monitor, moreover, evaluate career development chances for every staff at plus above the director level. Furthermore, in order for many years, such plan includes metric s along with quarterly reviews of staff ratings, besides promotions, as well attrition/hires, addition to developmental opportunities, along with officer appointments, also assignments to assist gain a clear labor force. Staff at Etihad Airways of research motivates supervisors to pursue employment manners for their staffs, in addition to those who might have been who can have been overlooked or even underestimated. On staff development, performance management and employment assistance, at Etihad Airways of research states which the Performance Appraisal System has been evaluated, in addition to a case has been initiated to determine center organizational competencies. Moreover, more systematic approach to exercise assignments is being implemented. Conclusion: The new world of work demands employee performance instead of loyalty creativity instead of compliance, and earned rewards instead of entitlements. The role of the Human Resource function is not limited to the policies, practices and systems under its control. That role is important and certainly can contribute to an organizations success but human resource is in a position to influence the way people are managed across an organization. At the end we can get to say that the Human Resource professional must maintain a thorough understanding of positions and needs across such firm, to help each individual experience the right job fit. Moreover, this should bring into the light yourself with the talents and capabilities of each person in your organization. Keep excellent documentation of testing, job applications, performance appraisals, and performance development plans. While there is some evidence that performance appraisal adjustments have been done because of initiating a performance appraisal, it needs to be emphasized that these studies have looked at particularly specific aspects of the system rather than at the whole system that may have been implemented. Very little research has considered the outcomes of a complete performance appraisal in action. A possible explanation may be the difficulty in evaluating such systems. The evaluation of high performance is principally dependent upon the measurement category selected besides these are in move derived from the underlying thought of performance appraisal. Although, within a given approach to performance appraisal, the execution of specific strategies along with structures might be also similarly than others to provide high performance appraisal, there are no guarantees which this will be the position. Performance appraisal is subject to effect from a difference of factors within not only inside elements like as performance appraisal, structures, processes and evaluation, but also external elements that are far less predictable. High performance appraisal, hence, irrespective of the concept to managing adopted, actually depends upon the alignment of inside systems via the larger system within which the business enterprise is located.

Origins And History Of The Dulcimer :: essays research papers

Origins and History of The Dulcimer The dulcimer is a member of the string family. It is further categorized into the Psaltrey family, a group of instruments that are comprised of strings stretched across a frame and played by plucking or drumming. The only difference, in fact, between the dulcimer and the psaltrey is the fact that one is plucked and the other is drummed. The dulcimer family is divided into two sections. The dulcimers with keys and dulcimers without keys. A dulcimer with keys would be played by depressing a key which would move a mechanism that would cause a hammer to strike the string. The most improved instrument in the keyed dulcimer section is the piano. Dulcimers that are played without the aid of a key are usually in the unusual shape of a trapezoid. Early descriptions of this instrument, dating back to the Middle Ages, describe the instrument as a rectangular box with strings stretched over two bridges. Both the single and the double bridged dulcimers are common in traditional Irish music. It is played by striking the strings with padded wooden hammer. It is commonly believed that the dulcimer came to Europe from the East sometime in the fifteenth century. This cannot be true. The dulcimer is closely related to the yang ch'in from China. However, the yang ch'in was introduced to the Chinese around 1800. A similar traditional dulcimer found its way to Korea in about 1725. The dulcimer originated as the santir in what is now Iraq from a Greek instrument, the psalterion. The santir was a trapeziodal box covered with strings. It was played by striking the strings with light sticks. From there the Arabs carried the santir through North Africa where it was integrated into the Jewish culture. From North Africa it was taken to Spain, for a carving was discovered in the cathedral Santiago de Compostela, dated 1184. It is unknown why the Irish make mention of the timpan, a generic term for any member of the psaltrey family, being used by St. Patrick in the 6th century, six hundred years earlier than the dulcimers first introduction into Spain from North Africa. Dulcimers gained popularity from the churches and cathedrals throughout the 14th century. But in the 16th century, as the violin and wind instruments became increasingly fashionable, the dulcimer virtually disappeared. For the next two hundred years it went unnoticed. In 1705 Pantaleon Hebenstreit presented the French King Louis XIV with a slightly revised dulcimer.

Ikea Selling Strategy

1. Executive Summary: 2. 1. IKEA Objectives: * IKEA produces cheap and affordable products for the customers. * The company wants better life for those who cannot afford expensive products. * IKEA always helps to produce right product for the right consumer. * IKEA always tries to sell their products at low prices. * The company’s global developments and its continual commitment is to have a positive impact on people and the environment. 2. 2. IKEA Vision: The Vision is to create a better everyday life for the many people.They make this possible by offering a wide range of well-designed home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them. 2. 3. IKEA Mission: The mission is to offer a wide range of home furnishing items of good design and function, excellent quality and durability, at prices so low that the majority of people can afford to buy them (IKEA 1994). The company targets the customer who is looking for value and is wil ling to do a little bit of work serving them-selves, transporting the items home and assembling the furniture for a better price.The typical Ikea customer is young low to middle income family. 2. Company Summary: 3. 4. Company Background: IKEA is a privately-held, international home products retailer that sells flat pack furniture, accessories, and bathroom and kitchen items in their retail stores around the world. The company, which pioneered flat-pack design furniture at affordable prices, is now the world's largest furniture retailer. IKEA was founded in 1943 by 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden and it is owned by a Dutch registered foundation controlled by the Kamprad family.The company which was originated in Smaland, Sweden, distributes its products through its retail outlets. As of August 2009, the chain has 301 stores in 37 countries, most of them in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. IKEA founder Ingvar Kamprad was born and grew up on the farm Elmtaryd, parish of Agunnaryd in Smaland, in the south of Sweden. As a young boy Ingvar Kamprad knew that he wanted to develop a business. Various events during his upbringing gave him a strong drive to create his own resources and to be independent. In 1943 The Ikea was born, initially a mail-order business selling pencils, postcards, and other merchandise.The name derives from the initial letters of Ingvar Kamprad and of Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd. More over in 1948 Furniture manufacturing was an additional business for many farmers in Smaland. So Ingvar Kamprad also introduced Furniture in the IKEA business as a complement to the general merchandise. This was a success and Ingvar Kamprad starts exploring innovative solutions such as furniture design, self-assembly and advertising and by 1951 The first annual IKEA furniture catalogue was published in Sweden. Ikea grew and two years later by 1953 they opened a showroom in Almhult.Here the customers could see and experience the quality of the products bef ore ordering them and Ingvar could meet customers in person and learn from them. 3. 5. Company Location and Facilities: The company IKEA has a several store over many places in the world as the following a. Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Spain, Greece, France. Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Cyprus, Hungary Netherlands, Norway, Austria, Russia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Switzerland, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden, Turkey, and United Kingdom b. North America: Canada and United States. c.Middle East: Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. d. Asia Pacific: Australia, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Singapore, and Thailand. The facilities that could be found in most of IKEA stores is the same, however they are mentioned in the IKEA Ireland as the following: a. Showroom: IKEA stores are huge home exhibitions. Stretch out on a bed, see how many people you can fit on a sofa, or let your children choose furniture for their rooms. Our room settings are built entirely from IKEA products, and will give you inspirational ideas for furnishing, lighting and decorating your home. . Market hall: The market hall is just what it sounds like: many different specialist shops gathered together. You’ll find everything from rugs to pots to picture frames and clocks. You’ll also see all kinds of home lighting, everything you need for your kitchen, and countless unique gifts you can give to others – or spoil yourself with. c. IKEA Restaurant: At the IKEA restaurant you can take a break from the hard work of shopping. You can even start your day at the IKEA restaurant with breakfast before the store opens. Or why not have coffee and cake in the afternoon!In the restaurant you’ll find healthy Swedish and local dishes daily made using high quality fresh produce. You can use our highchairs and baby changing facilities for the little ones. And while the grownups rest a few minutes after lunch, the kids can have fun in the c hildren's play area. d. IKEA for kids: IKEA supervised play area and ballroom, and shop in peace. This way, everyone's happy. Or if you want them to help make furnishing decisions, strollers are available at the entrance. e. Care and feeding of kids: IKEA provides clean feeding and changing facilities for small children.And our restaurant has a special menu just for the kids. f. Trolleys for everyone: There are plenty of carts available to help you take your purchases to your car. Or you can bring your car to your purchases by pulling up to our customer loading bay. g. The barter system: Almost any way you want to pay is fine with us. You can always pay with cash or a major of credit card, but other payment methods are usually also available. They vary from store to store, so please check with your local IKEA store to find out more. 3. Product and Services of IKEA: 4. 6. Products Description: IKEA products are identified by single word names.Most of the names are Scandinavian in ori gin. Although there are some notable exceptions, most product names are based on a special naming system developed by * Upholstered furniture, coffee tables, rattan furniture, bookshelves, media storage, doorknobs: Swedish place names (for example: Klippan) * Beds, wardrobes, hall furniture: Norwegian place names * Dining tables and chairs: Finnish place names * Bookcase ranges: Occupations * Bathroom articles: Scandinavian lakes, rivers and bays * Kitchens: grammatical terms, sometimes also other names * Chairs, desks: men's names Fabrics, curtains: women's names * Garden furniture: Swedish islands * Carpets: Danish place names * Lighting: terms from music, chemistry, meteorology, measures, weights, seasons, months, days, boats, nautical terms * Bed linen, bed covers, pillows/cushions: flowers, plants, precious stones * Children's items: mammals, birds, adjectives * Curtain accessories: mathematical and geometrical terms * Kitchen utensils: foreign words, spices, herbs, fish, mushr ooms, fruits or berries, functional descriptions * Boxes, wall decoration, pictures and frames, clocks: colloquial expressions, 4. . Competitive Comparison: Retailers have generally been slow to develop multilingual Web sites simply because they’ve been slow to expand outside of their domestic markets. According to a Deloitte study of the world's top 250 retailers, 104 retailers have no international operations at all, but IKEA had a leg-up on its competitors because it built its business not only through store expansion but through a hugely popular mail-order catalog. 4. 8. Supply and Demand Details: We will talk about the market forces for the global market instead of talking about Malaysian market only.Supply planner – demand ; need Global supply chain management of Children's lighting products from IKEA suppliers to IKEA stores world-wide, managing sales forecast, capacity planning, replenishment and information flow. Responsible for the global supply to 350 IKEA s tores worldwide within a business area of Children's IKEA. The Increased availability at the store from 85% to 99% within a year. Reduced the stock weeks from 7 weeks to 3 weeks within a half year. Shared knowledge of supply chain management with co-workers in China and Lithuania. 2005 Logistics ; Operations, IKEA Trading Southeast Asia Thailand Managed a variety of competence development programs in areas of logistics and operations for purchaser, technician, supply planner, material manager and business development managers. In addition to be responsible for the company's Centre of Competence in supply chain management, executed a research program about competence management in a cross-cultural organization that covers Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. 150 IKEA Trading Southeast Asia co-workers have attended supply chain management program.Licentiate thesis has been written and it raised the attention to the importance of total optimization within IKEA pipelines both in g oods and information flows. 4. 9. Technology Needs: After surfing the market for information we figured-out that the tools in the industry are similar for all the brands. Tools are the heart of the carpentry profession. The best place to start is with basic hand tools. A measuring tape, combination ruler and level, pencils, hammer; saws, a carpentry square and hand drill are all inexpensive parts of a carpentry set.Chisels, planes and sanding blocks are also important because furniture needs a fine, smooth finish, free of splinters and sharp corners. A kit of brushes, cloths and sponges are required for the stain and lacquering steps. In order to add padding or upholstery to the furniture, the carpenter will need a set of clamps in varied sizes and a staple gun. Time the first few projects completed in the shop step by step to determine which steps will benefit most from investing a time-saving power tool.Power saws are the most universal time-saver, and drill presses and power sand ers also offer time savings. But Ikea does not have its own manufacturing facilities. Instead, it is using subcontracted manufacturers all over the world for supplies. All research and development activities are however, centralized in Sweden. In order to maintain low cost, 4. Market Analysis 5. 10. Target Market in this study I will not separate each market but instead of that I will focus on the global integrated market. 4. 1. 1 Target Market Segment Strategy: IKEA is large enough to enjoy economies of scale.This lowers average costs in the long run through, for example, better use of technology or employing specialized managers. Economies of scale also give a business a competitive edge if cost savings are then passed on to customers in the form of lower prices. This puts up high barriers to entry for smaller companies entering the market. The target customer of IKEA is everybody. So the market segment is a very important part of IKEA strategy. After visited the IKEA store, I thi nk the market segment of IKEA is the different part of house, like the kitchen, the bedroom, the bathroom.Actually, the market segment is according to the â€Å"life situation†. The life situation creates the need of the home furniture. IKEA do not select the customer, IKEA just select the offer from the life situation. For example, I am a student. I need the bookshelf, desk and I do not need the kitchen because I do not live in my own place now. But after 10 years, the need of life situation will change. I will need other things. The most important point is that I am always the target customer even in different ages. And IKEA always provide customers the things they need.I think that is a good method that IKEA used to service the customers and win the hearts of the customers. 4. 1. 2 Market Needs: 4. 1. 3 Market Trends 4. 1. 4 Market Growth: 5. 11. Industry Analysis 4. 2. 1 Industry Participants/Key Players To analyze the Industry I will use Porter five forces analysis: Acco rding to Pearce, J. A. and Robinson R. B. (2011) Strategic Management . 12th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill â€Å"Harvard professor Michael E. Porter propelled the concept of industry environment into the foreground of strategic thought and business planning†.The five forces were as following: 1- Competitive rivalry. 2- Threat of substitute products. 3- Threat of new entrants. 4- Bargaining Power of suppliers. 5- Bargaining Power of customers. * INTERNAL RIVALRY/COMPETITORS: the industry is highly competitive and characterized by other low priced furniture producers such as Galiform of England and retailers such as Wal-Mart of the United States. Internally, the organization saw differences of opinion regarding product offerings and positioning.Due to the intense competition worldwide, IKEA has wisely attempted to compete by entering the markets which typically pose the largest competition, such as China and Japan. * SUPPLIER POWER: because Ikea had heard from its customers th at many of its furniture offerings were too complicated to be assembled by the customer; showing the power of the supplier to make a difference, IKEA has gotten cooperation from some suppliers to provide materials that are easier for the customer to assemble, thereby (using its' value chain system) by adding value to the supplier relationship. BUYER POWER: everyone can recognize that Buyers have a great deal of influence over IKEA's product line and direction; for example, in the 1960s, IKEA developed the ability to package its unassembled furniture in flat cartons, making it easier for the buyer to handle the cartons. This considered as a response to direct feedback from the buyer. Additionally, due to buyer demand, IKEA will continue on its current growth strategy. * POTENTIAL ENTRANTS: Domestically, IKEA faces the threat of potential entrants; as the dominant firm, because the nature of the business allows new ventures to enter the market, IKEA worst scenario is the copy-cats.The organization always feel threaten by any potential new entrant to use do it yourself approach which gives IKEA many of its' competitive advantages. * THREAT OF SUBSTITUTED PRODUCT AND SERVICE: is low as there are no too many products and services available that can substitute the demand for furniture, home appliances and a range of other products offered by IKEA. So Substitution is not a reason to make them worry, because they have their own market -segments. 4. 2. 2 Main Competitors/Competitive Analysis: If the 5. 0 Strategy and Implementation Summary 5. Marketing Strategy: People like to buy IKEA’s products because of their low prices and medium-quality. People have great awareness of the brand. Moreover, we can see people like to go IKEA store because of good facilities. The products that will be in direct competition with IKEA’S sales are split into distinct different groups by home depot they are: Bedroom, dining room, furniture parts, home office, kid’s r oom, and living room and kitchen supplies. The different products that are supplied are provided to Home Depot by a variety of different brand names. . 2 Pricing Strategy: IKEA positions itself with low prices. They are extremely price/cost conscious. 5. 3 Promotion Strategy: Promotion: IKEA has its own website where they now have their catalogues virtually. In the last year 198 million copies of the catalogue were printed in 56 editions and 27 languages. Moreover, IKEA uses newspaper ads and television commercials. The company uses billboards ads and bus stop ads. IKEA also faced controversy in their â€Å"Tidy up† advertisement campaign. IKEA does not spend largely on promotions.IKEA believes on their online catalogues and print publications of the catalogs. The catalogue is the main tool for selling. IKEA try to cut the cost with lease advertisement. But it is very important part. 5. 4 Distribution Patterns: IKEA has 28 large distribution centers and 11 customer distributi on centers in 16 countries. IKEA has 1400 suppliers for distribution. 5. 5 Marketing Programs People like to buy IKEA’s products because of their low prices and medium-quality. People have great awareness of the brand.Moreover, we can see people like to go IKEA store because of good facilities. The products that will be in direct competition with IKEA’S sales are split into distinct different groups by home depot they are: Bedroom, dining room, furniture parts, home office, kid’s room, and living room and kitchen supplies. The different products that are supplied are provided to Home Depot by a variety of different brand names. 5. 6 Sales Strategy: 5. 7 Sales Forecast: 5. 8 Sales Programs: 6. 0 Web Plan Summary 6. 1 Website Marketing Strategy 6. 2 Development Requirements